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Nicholson, E.H. & L.G. Eldredge. 1969. Micronesica. 5: 222-270. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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International Biological Programme Technical Meeting on Conservation of Pacific Islands held at Koror, Palau and Guam in November, 1968

Nicholson, E.H. & L.G. Eldredge.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

International Biological Programme
Technical Meeting on Conservation of Pacific Islands
held at Koror, Palau and Guam in November, 1968

Report of the Meeting
        Introduction                                                                                       223
        Report-Koror
                    Guam                                                                                    243
        Resolutions                                                                                       243
        Annex 1: Note of Procedure                                                              263
        Annex 2: Names and addresses of international participants           267
Micronesica 5: 222-270, 1969.
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Motoda, S.. 1969. Micronesica. 5: 315-315. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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An Assessment of Primary Productivity of a Coral Reef Lagoon in Palau, Western Caroline Islands, Based on Data Obtained during 1935-37

Motoda, S..

Primary productivity by photosynthesis of phytoplankton population in the coral reef waters in Palau Islands, Western Caroline Islands, tropical Pacific Ocean, is calculated on the basis of data obtained during 1935-37. Light extinction coefficient in Iwayama Bay in the inner lagoon, and at the anchorage of Palau Port in the outer lagoon is calculated from the data observed on submarine illumination of 0.092 and 0.060 respectively. Light extinction coefficient in the open sea outside the reefs is calculated from data obtained on a recent cruise of the "Oshoro Maru" in waters of similar transparency with the result of 0.046. Data on phytoplankton standing crops at the depth of 0 m, 10 m and 20 m in Iwayama Bay are available. Mean amount of chlorophyll converted from observed diatom number is 0.000265 gChl/m3. Chlorophyll at the anchorage and in the open sea is calculated as 0.000191 gChl/m3 and 0.000074 gChl/m3 respectively on the ratios of observed surface phytoplankton standing crops among Iwayama Bay, anchorage and open sea, taking the value of Iwayama Bay as a standard. Daily primary production caclculated from these sources is 0.08 gC/m2/day in Iwayama Bay, 0.09 gC/m2/day at the anchorage and 0.04 gC/m2/day in the open sea. Thus, primary productivity by phytoplankton population is shown to be higher in the lagoon water than in the open sea.
Micronesica 5: 315-315, 1969.
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1. Underwood, J.H. 1969. Preliminary Investigations of Demographic Features and Ecological Variables of a Micronesian Island Population. Micronesica. 5 (1): 1-24. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Preliminary Investigations of Demographic Features and Ecological Variables of a Micronesian Island Population

Underwood, J.H.

In this paper the demography of Yap is described as an initial step toward a more complete analysis of the population genetics and ecology of this West Carolinian island in Micronesia. Some of the ecological variables influencing the composition, distribution, and structuring of the population are discussed. The data presented here were collected in the field during a total of eighteen months of residence on the Yap Islands. During this period, extensive census and genealogical surveys, anthropometric examinations, blood sample collection, ecological and nutritional research, and ethnographic studies were carried out. Collation and processing of population and demographic data were undertaken and are continuing at the University of Arizona, Tucson.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 1-24, 1969.
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2. Trono, Jr. G.C. 1969. The Marine Benthic Algae of the Caroline Islands, II. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Micronesica. 5 (1): 25-119. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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The Marine Benthic Algae of the Caroline Islands, II. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta

Trono, Jr. G.C.

N/A- Notes
Micronesica 5 (1): 25-119, 1969.
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3. Gilbert, W.J. & M.S. Doty. 1969. Some Additional Records of Philippine Marine Chlorophyta. Micronesica. 5 (1): 121-130. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Some Additional Records of Philippine Marine Chlorophyta

Gilbert, W.J. & M.S. Doty.

The following report concerns collections of marine algae selected from larger collections made in the Philippines in 1958 and more recently. Of the algae reported, the following are new records for the Philippines: Enteromorpha aragoensis Bliding, E. intermedia Bliding, Chamaedoris orientalis Okamura, Rhipiliopsis peltata (J. Agardh) A. and E.S. Gepp and Udotea glaucescens (Harvey) J. Agardh. In addition, the collections contain material of Trichosolen, a genus heretofore unreported from the Philippines, but it was not possible to designate the species.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 121-130, 1969.
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4. Swanson, E.S. 1969. Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, I. Phytogeography. Micronesica. 5 (1): 131-137. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, I. Phytogeography

Swanson, E.S.

The Palau Islands are strategically located between New Guinea and the Marianas and due east of Mindanao, about long. 134°E. lat. 7°N. Because of their location, they could have served as a steppingstone in the migration of a diverse flora into Micronesia and the Pacific islands. The following study was undertaken to determine probable origins and affinities of the liverworts. The study was possible because of extensive collections available from the Miami University Collegiate Rebel Expedition in 1960 and the Miami University NSF Expedition to Micronesia in 1965.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 131-137, 1969.
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5. Swanson, E.S. & H.A. Miller. 1969. Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, II. Enumeration. Micronesica. 5 (1): 139-149. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, II. Enumeration

Swanson, E.S. & H.A. Miller.

This concludes our report of Palauan hepatics which bas been so ably assisted by Dr. Hiroshi Inoue. A list of specimens examined and of species previously reported follows. Spellings of place names are according to Gressitt (1954) wherever possible. Occasional specimens sent for study are cited in the enumeration but, as most were derived from the Miami University Expeditions, a synopsis of localities is given so that only collection numbers are cited for each species. Micronesian and extra-Micronesian distributional data are derived from diverse sources seen in the Literature Cited and are not individually documented here.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 139-149, 1969.
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6. Straughan, D. 1969. Spirorbinae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Eniwetok, Marshall Islands. Micronesica. 5 (1): 151-153. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Spirorbinae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Eniwetok, Marshall Islands

Straughan, D.

The distribution of Spirorbis bellulus Bush 1904 is extended, and a new species Spirorbis polyoperculatus is described.
 
Micronesica 5 (1): 151-153, 1969.
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7. Vermeij, G.J. 1969. Observations on the Shells of Some Fresh-Water Neritid Gastropods from Hawaii and Guam. Micronesica. 5 (1): 155-164. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Observations on the Shells of Some Fresh-Water Neritid Gastropods from Hawaii and Guam

Vermeij, G.J.

Observations on the fresh-water neritid prosobranch gastropods Neritina vespertina Sowerby 1849 and N. granosa Sowerby 1825 from Hawaii, and N. pulligera conglobata von Martens 1879 and Septaria porcellana (Linnaeus 1758) from Guam, have yielded a qualitative correlation between clinging ability of the animal and the degree of development of limpet-like shell characters. The hypothesis is put forth that the granular ornamentation on the shell of N. granosa, and possibly the presence of egg capsules on the shells of many fluviatile neritids (notably N. pulligera conglobata and S. porcellana) may create turbulence and minimize the effects of the strong current in which the animals live.
Micronesica 5 (1): 155-164, 1969.
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observations_on_the_shells_of_some_fresh-water_neritid_gastropods_from_hi_and_gu_by_vermeij_g.j._-_micronesica_vol._5_no.1_jul._1969_o.pdf (602.77 KB)
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8. Pearse, J.S. & S.W. Arch. 1969. The Aggregation Behavior of Diadema (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). Micronesica. 5 (1): 165-171. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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The Aggregation Behavior of Diadema (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)

Pearse, J.S. & S.W. Arch.

Many species of echinoids occur together in aggregations of both single and multiple species composition. Some short term aggregations may be associated with reproductive activities, but in most cases the aggregations seem to be responses to localized environmental factors and involve little "social" interaction among the different individuals (Reese, 1966). Populations of tropical diademid echinoids, however, may form aggregations involving true social behavior. Large "flocks," "families." "colonies" or "social clusters" of Diadema setosum or D. savignyi have been noted on the Great Barrier Reef (Saville-Kent, 1893; Stephenson, et al., 1931; H.L. Clark, 1921, 1946; Roughley, 1951; Dakin & Bennett, 1963), at Suez (Fox, 1926) and off central Japan (Onada, 1936). Similar aggregations have been observed of D. antillarum and Astropyga magnifica in the Caribbean (Randall, et al., 1964; Kier and Grant, 1965) and D. mexicanum in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Pearse, 1968a). Such aggregations do not seem to be simple passive responses to environmental limitations because adjacent areas of apparently identical substratum and feeding conditions are not occupied.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 165-171, 1969.
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9. Fisher, H.I. & M.L. Fisher. 1969. The Visits of Laysan Albatrosses to the Breeding Colony. Micronesica. 5 (1): 173-221. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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The Visits of Laysan Albatrosses to the Breeding Colony

Fisher, H.I. & M.L. Fisher.

Most of the knowledge available on the breeding biology of the Laysan Albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) has been gained in the last 10 years. This period has been one of rather intensive investigation by a number of different individuals and organizations, stimulated in large part by the conflicting use of Midway Atoll by birds and men. Earlier papers (among them, Dill, 1916; Dill and Bryan, 1912; Hadden, 1941; H .I. Fisher and Baldwin, 1946; H.I. Fisher, 1949) provided useful, but fragmentary information. It was not until the reports by DuMont and Neff (1955), Kenyon and Rice (1958), Kenyon, Rice, Robbins, and Aldrich (1958), Rice (1959), Robbins (1960a, b), Aldrich, Robbins, and Dykstra (1961), and particularly Rice and Kenyon (1962a, b) that the basic pattern of the life cycle of this albatross became known.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 173-221, 1969.
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11. Dorst, J. 1969. Rapport sur la Conservation de la Nature aux iles Galapagos Etabli pour le IBP/CT. Micronesica. 5 (2): 271-273. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Rapport sur la Conservation de la Nature aux iles Galapagos Etabli pour le IBP/CT

Dorst, J.

Des sa creation en 1959, la Fondation Charles Darwin a eu pour objectif principal l'etude des mesures les plus appropriees a la sauvegarde des especes gravement menacees des Galapagos et des habitats qui leur sont necessaires. Aux termes du contrat signe entre le gouvernement de la Republique d'Ecuador et la fondation, celle-ci a l'obligation de fournir des donnees sur le statut des especes menacees et de suggerer les mesures legislatives a prendre pour leur preservation. De plus, avec l'appui des autorites interessees, le personnel de la Station a pris luimeme des mesures de conservation notamment dans le domaine de la delimitation des reserves et dans l'eradication des animaux domestiques introduits. Nos efforts ont produit d'heureux effets dans plusieurs domaines. Dans l'ensemble et sans entrer dans le detail, la situation s'est considerablement amelioree aux Galapagos. Les resultats obtenus se rangent en plusieurs categories.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 271-273, 1969.
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Dorst 1969
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12. Perry, R. 1969. Conservation Problems in the Galapagos Islands. Micronesica. 5 (2): 275-281. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Conservation Problems in the Galapagos Islands

Perry, R.

This report is submitted to draw attention to the mounting need in the Galapagos Islands for further measures to preserve the indigenous wildlife and its environment. Suggestions are made for the establishment of a series of Reserve Areas where protection could be enforced and where the disastrous effects of human intrusion can still be prevented.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 275-281, 1969.
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13. Doty, M.S., F.R. Fosberg, & D. Mueller-Dombois. 1969. Initial Site Studies for the International Program in the Tropical and Far Western Pacific. Micronesica. 5 (2): 283-293. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Initial Site Studies for the International Program in the Tropical and Far Western Pacific

Doty, M.S., F.R. Fosberg, & D. Mueller-Dombois.

The International Biological Program (=IBP) is embarking on comparative studies of the nature and functions of the major ecosystems in the world. The United States has formed a National Committee operating in the National Academy of Sciences to coordinate funding of participation of its citizens in the IBP.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 283-293, 1969.
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14. Numata, M. 1969. Ecological Background and Conservation of Japanese Islands. Micronesica. 5 (2): 295-302. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Ecological Background and Conservation of Japanese Islands

Numata, M.

Japan is really an insular country which consists of four main islands-Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-and many other small islands. Among these, Honshu is the seventh largest in the world, but it is not usually called an island. The four main islands are called the mainlands of Japan because of their great difference in size from Shikoku and Sado Is. as shown in Table 1. An island is geographically defined as an area of relatively small land mass surrounded by water contrasting with mainlands (continents or main islands).
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Micronesica 5 (2): 295-302, 1969.
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15. Owen, R.P. 1969. The Status of Conservation in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Micronesica. 5 (2): 303-306. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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The Status of Conservation in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Owen, R.P.

Conservation was practiced in Micronesia thousands of years before the advent of European and Oriental contact. The native people by necessity lived close to nature and knew the plants and animals of their environment exceedingly well. Their knowledge of life histories, mating seasons, habitat requirements, and other basic knowledge of the plants and animals enabled them to regulate their harvest and use of wild plants and animals on a sustained yield basis. Chiefly decrees, clan and island taboos and other means of control were apparently effective. The taking of turtles, turtle eggs, incubator bird eggs, sea bird eggs, and dugongs were so regulated. The necessity to have island sancturies for certain birds and turtles were also recognized and such sanctuaries did exist. Some of the old conservation practices of long ago still persist in parts of the Trust Territory, but the impact of cultural changes is gradually breaking down the old chief and clan systems and the conservation practices which were a part of the old system.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 303-306, 1969.
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16. Yonge, C.M. 1969. Conservation of Coral Reefs. Micronesica. 5 (2): 307-310. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Conservation of Coral Reefs

Yonge, C.M.

The effect of man on the terrestrial fauna and flora of oceanic islands and particularly on coral atolls with their initially very restricted terrestrial life has frequently been devastating. Less is known about the effects on submarine life, particularly on the hermatypic animals and plants responsible for the formation and maintenance of coral reefs. But, as biological agents often directly responsible for the creation of land masses and for their continued existence, they are fundamentally important. It is true to say that the continued maintenance of such land areas depends on the activities of the excessively thin covering of living matter which is responsible, with, in the scleractinian corals, the highly significant aid of symbiotic plant cells (zooxanthellae), for the secretion of the reef framework. If this thin covering of living matter is extensively damaged, calcification must cease and the reef framework begin to disintegrate under the combined erosive action of physical and biological agents.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 307-310, 1969.
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17. Kawaguti, S. 1969. The Coral Reef of Kikaijima, One of the Amami Islands, and the Problem of its Conservation. Micronesica. 5 (2): 311-312. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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The Coral Reef of Kikaijima, One of the Amami Islands, and the Problem of its Conservation

Kawaguti, S.

Kikaijima is a small coral island of about 60 sq.km., situated at about 28°20'N and 130°E. The main portion of the island is composed of raised limestone, fringed by raised reefs and recent reefs.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 311-312, 1969.
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18. Kawaguti, S. 1969. Effect of the Green Fluorescent Pigment on the Productivity of the Reef Corals. Micronesica. 5 (2): 313-313. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Effect of the Green Fluorescent Pigment on the Productivity of the Reef Corals

Kawaguti, S.

Already in the last century, several scholars noted the green coloration of reef corals. But the fluorescent properties of the green pigment were first observed about thirty years ago at Palau. The pigment seems to be functional as a filter for strong irradiations under transparent tropical sea water.

The green fluorescent pigment is found only in the ectodermal cells. It is most brilliant when the coral polyps are fully expanded and when they are exposed to bright sunshine. Under an electron microscope the pigment appears as various distributions of dense spherical bodies of 0.2 μ or less in diameter. It is easily dissolved in distilled water.

The pigment solution is green in reflected light but pink in transmitted light. Its absorption spectrum shows a strong absorption in the ultraviolet region with a sharp maximum at 330 mμ. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that the pigment emits green light (ranging 450-510 mμ) when it is activated by light of 380 mμ. The same phenomenon is observed also in the intact green coral.

This fact suggests that the harmful ultraviolet light is converted into light useful for the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae in the endoderm.
Micronesica 5 (2): 313-313, 1969.
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20. Wells, J.W. 1969. Aspects of Pacific Coral Reefs. Micronesica. 5 (2): 317-322. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Aspects of Pacific Coral Reefs

Wells, J.W.

Coral reefs are the only major earth features determined by the complexly integrated operation of both organic and inorganic processes. To the biologist a reef is a dynamic organic community of tropical seas dominated by corals. To the geologist it is a constructional feature of tropical seas conditioned by the marine environment. Exploitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean by man and other terrestrial organisms has been made possible by the two disparate actions: the life processes of reef-building (hermatypic) corals and the geological processes of vulcanism and diastrophism, the former being in turn deterministically conditioned on the development by the latter of substrates at least within 100 meters of the ocean surface. In the long view they are impermanent systems due to the queasiness of the crust beneath the ocean basin. The reefs appear, from what is yet known of the geologic history of the Pacific Basin, to be a late Mesozoic development dating back about 80,000,000 years.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 317-322, 1969.
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21. Goreau, T.F. 1969. Post Pleistocene Urban Renewal in Coral Reefs. Micronesica. 5 (2): 323-326. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Post Pleistocene Urban Renewal in Coral Reefs

Goreau, T.F.

In this paper are examined some aspects of coral reef problems that have not been dealt with adequately before. The biological and ecological diversity of modern reefs is probably greater than any comparable association in earlier geological history. This is related to a very high order of trophic integration and organisation which is perhaps more complex than that of any other major ecosystem, terrestrial or marine. The evolution of such associations is not yet understood, especially as it seems to have taken place in one of the most stable of environments-the tropical sea shore. Although the geological record indicates that reefs are among the oldest continuously existing communities on earth, there is considerable evidence also that the modern reefs are not stable and mature communities, but are undergoing successional changes typical of youthful assemblages.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 323-326, 1969.
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22. Nicholson, E.M. 1969. Draft Check List of Pacific Oceanic Islands. Micronesica. 5 (2): 327-464. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
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Draft Check List of Pacific Oceanic Islands

Nicholson, E.M.

It is a principal object of IBP/CT to establish a comprehensive and permanent scientific basis for understanding and monitoring the care of the natural environment throughout the world. On the micro scale this is being pursued mainly through the completion and analysis of the IBP/CT Check Sheets with the aid of computer resources. On the macro scale it will be necessary to prepare a world list of territories indicating their main relevant characteristics and status and showing in respect of each vegetation formation or other ecological unit its distribution and state of conservation, with a view to appropriate action.
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Micronesica 5 (2): 327-464, 1969.
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Nicholson 1969
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checklist_of_pacific_oceanic_islands_by_douglas_g._-_micronesica_vol.5_no.2_dec._1969_o.pdf (14.06 MB)
14.06 MB
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23. Knox, G.A. 1969. The New Zealand Off-shore Islands. Micronesica. 5 (2): 465-492. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1969.
ABSTRACT
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The New Zealand Off-shore Islands

Knox, G.A.

New Zealand is an island archipelago and has been so throughout the greater part of its geological history. It stretches over 22 degrees of latitude or some 1,540 miles from the subtropical Kermadec Islands in the north to the subantarctic Campbell Island in the south (Fig. 1). Within this regions there are some 500 islands excluding the three main islands and innumerable nonvegetated stacks (Bell, 1963). They include island areas varying from stacks covering less than an acre to large islands such as Chatham Island (238,000 acres) and the main Auckland Island (128,000 acres). They also vary considerably in topography, vegetation, and climate.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)
Micronesica 5 (2): 465-492, 1969.
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Knox 1969
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report_on_the_new_zealand_pacific_and_subantarctic_islands-micronesica_vol.5_no.2_dec._1969_o.pdf (1.59 MB)
1.59 MB
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