In retrospect, Japanese agricultural and fishery developments in Micronesia during the first half of the twentieth century are seen to have extended corollary benefits to the economic well being of its native peoples, which they no longer enjoy. It is still an academic question whether the stable native self-sufficient economy which has been restored to these islands under the American aegis is best satisfying native needs. Although a slow return of a cash economy has been permitted in the American Trust Territory of the Pacific, it shows little of the vigor and potential of the former Imperial economy.

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This report covers the findings of a six weeks pilot survey carried out over part of North Tawara from January to March 1963. My terms of reference were to recommend:

(i) Possible methods of consolidating fragmented holdings in the Colony,

(ii) Methods of extending the survey to the rest of the Colony with an estimate of the costs; and

(iii) a suitable land tenure and registry system for the Colony.
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The government of the Gilbert Islands has probably achieved. more in the field of land tenure than any other government in the Pacific with the possible exception of the Kingdom of Tonga. Although circumstances differ greatly between territories, there are a number of points of principle on which the Gilbertese experience is of considerable comparative interest.

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These drawings are relatively unknown and infrequently visited. One reason for this is related to superstitions surrounding "Taotao Mona". It is maintained by Guamanians now in their twenties that with them the controlling belief in "Taotao Mona" (beings inhabiting certain quarters who render retribution on those failing to ask their pardon for trespassing) is no longer operative. This may be so, but only in few cases has the lack of fear overcome the tabu and encouraged a lively curiosity about certain areas.

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The cryptogamic flora of Guam and northern Micronesia has received less attention than the vascular flora although it is not less interesting either taxonomically or phytogeographically. Reports of collections date back to Gaudichaud (1828), but the bryophyte flora has remained little known. Merrill (1914) listed ten liverworts and thirteen mosses from Guam. During the period of Japanese control after World War I, several Japanese botanists collected in Micronesia at Ponape, Palau, and Yap. In the 1930's Yoshiwo Horikawa of Hiroshima began a series of field trips to northern Micronesia. His several contributions (see Miller, 1960) added new records to the flora as well as several new species and the genus Boninoleptocolea. Some smaller unreported Japanese collections are known and these will be studied as they become available. Following World War II with the establishment of Micronesia as a United Nations protectorate, entry for valid scientific purposes was possible and American biologists undertook the study of the flora and fauna. In 1960, I was able to make collections on Guam enroute to and from the Carolines and in 1965 I collected on Guam, Rota, and Saipan. Study of these collections is just begun so the following lists are also somewhat incomplete. Even so, at least 85% of any general bryophyte collection from Guam and northern Micronesia should be placed to genus accurately with the following keys. The chance of finding a species still unreported is greater than that for locating an unreported genus.

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The Line Islands, or as they are also called, the Pacific Equatorial Islands, consist of a few small remote atolls with Kingman Reef, Palmyra, Washington, Fanning, and Christmas Islands fairly close together near the 160^th meridian (160° W. Long.) and from about 8° North of the Equator to 2° North; slightly south and west is Jarvis, near the intersection of the 160^th meridian and the Equator; while south and east lie a few isolated atolls, Malden, Starbuck, Caroline, Vostok, and Flint, the last about 12° South of the Equator near the 150^th meridian. The vegetation of these islands is for the most part quite sparse; reports have been published by Christophersen (1927) and various other workers (see Christophersen for a bibliography). Pandanus occurs on several of these islands, and is abundant on some of them; on others, it appears to be absent. The present paper is concerned with three of these islands: Palmyra, Washington, and Christmas.

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Seale (1900) in his "Report of A Mission to Guam" listed 37 families and 142 species of fishes from Guam. Twenty-five years later, Fowler listed 53 families and 160 species in "Fishes of Guam, Hawaii, Samoa, and Tahiti". Other than the recent works by Schultz, et al (1953; 1960; 1966) "Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands", which includes 50 families and 201 species of fishes collected from Guam and Smith's (1964a; 1964b) work with pearl fishes and description of a new goby, little or no attempt has been made to extend the knowledge of the fishes of Guam.

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The Guam rail (Rallus owstoni Rothschild; Fig. 2) is abundant throughout the roadside brush, jungle, and grassy fields of Guam. It is a flightless bird endemic to the island, with no closely related forms nearby (Baker, 1951). Because very little has been published on the breeding habits of Guam rails, perhaps the following notes are in order.

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The Caroline Islands are largely a group of atolls located between 131° and 164° East Longitude and 2° to 10° North Latitude. Most of the islands are low islands or coral atolls, but the islands of Kusaie, Ponape, Truk, and Palau are high islands of volcanic origin while Yap is of uplifted sedimentary origin. Those lying east of 148° East Longitude comprise the Eastern Caroline Islands, while those west of this meridian comprise the Western Caroline Islands. Together they constitute much of Micronesia.

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Presented here is the first marine algal listing from Marcus Island based on collections made by Dr. John E. Randall, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, during August 30 to September 10, 1968. Heydrich (1894) and Okamura (1897) have previously reported on four and forty-five species, respectively, from islands in the Bonin Islands.

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The Truk Islands are situated within a large lagoon formed by an extensive somewhat circular barrier reef. Gressitt (1954) indicated about 40 islands in the lagoon with six being of some size and height. During the Miami University-Collegiate Rebel Expedition in 1960 collections were made on Mount Unibot, Tol Island, which is the highest peak in Truk reaching 452 meters. In addition, Mount Tonaken (Chukumong), 370 meters high, on Moen was explored. The ten remaining, and lower, high islands remain bryologically unknown. Only Falas and Etten of the atoll-like islands have been reported on previously (Miller, Whittier, and Bonner, 1963). This is but the second time mosses from Truk have been reported and the first time for any records from the high islands.

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The Truk Islands are situated within a large lagoon formed by an extensive somewhat circular barrier reef. Gressitt (1954) indicated about 40 islands in the lagoon with six being of some size and height. During the Miami University-Collegiate Rebel Expedition in 1960 collections were made on Mount Unibot, Tol Island, which is the highest peak in Truk reaching 452 meters. In addition, Mount Tonaken (Chukumong), 370 meters high, on Moen was explored. The ten remaining, and lower, high islands remain bryologically unknown. Only Falas and Etten of the low atoll-like islands were examined (Miller, Whittier, and Bonner, 1963).

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The second paper in this series includes distributional, taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on species of Thelypteris, Crassula (Tillaea), Desmodium, and Alyxia. For the earlier paper see Micronesica 2:143-152, 1966.

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This is the last of our projected series of studies on the systematics and distribution of the alpheid shrimp of the Central Pacific. It reports upon collections made by the senior author at Eniwetok in 1957 and upon an extensive series of specimens loaned by the U.S. National Museum and the Alan Hancock Foundation that resulted from studies conducted by a number of investigators under the auspices of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Coral Atoll Studies of the National Academy of Science.

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Bird observations made incidental to rodent ecology studies at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, 1964 to 1967, are reported here. Eniwetok Atoll lies 11° north of the equator in the western Pacific, is isolated from any major overseas flyway and has a typical low island fauna of seabirds. The atoll, a chain of 40 islets surrounding an oval lagoon 20 miles wide and 25 miles long, with a total land area of 2.26 square miles (Fig. 1), is a haven for oceanic wanderers and lagoon and reef birds, as well as a stop-over point for some transoceanic migrants.

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Four genera and twenty species of the family Acanthuridae from Hawaii and Johnston Island are investigated for factors that might provide potential ecological separation of the species. The factors investigated are habitat preference, foraging methods, food eaten, and possible morphological specializations for feeding.

On the basis of habitat preference the acanthurids may be divided into mid-water, sand patch, subsurge reef, and seaward reef or surge zone dwellers. These habitats are defined in terms of acanthurid species composition and general physiography.

With regard to foraging methods and food eaten, the Acanthuridae comprise zooplankton feeders, grazers, and browsers. The zooplankton feeders actively pursue and capture copepods, crustacean larvae, and the pelagic eggs of numerous marine animals. Grazers feed predominately on a calcareous substratum rich in diatoms and detritus. The browsers feed on multicellular benthic algae of two basic types based on the size and morphology of the algae.

At the species level several modifications in the morphology of the digestive tract are found which suggest that many of these fishes are able to handle their food in a different manner from other species.

In a preliminary survey of soil fungi on Guam, Pythium acanthicum Drechsler was isolated from the vicinity of the roots (rhizosphere) of the grass Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. [determined by M.V.C. Falanruw, University Herbarium] on the campus of the University of Guam. This fungal species was recently reported from Hawaii (Adair, 1968), but has not been previously reported from Guam.

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The presence or absence of certain pantropic genera of marine benthic algae on Pacific islands has presented some puzzling but interesting problems. Doty (1954), in a note on the distribution of Sargassum and Rhipilia on Pacific islands, discussed the apparent exclusiveness of range between the two genera and hypothesized that the genus Sargassum may be restricted to only high islands (igneous substratum).

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Review of the literature (general reviews of methods of stomach analyses are found in Hynes, 1950 and Pillay, 1953) has revealed that quantitative analysis of gut contents of animals feeding on multicellular benthic algae is virtually unknown. Even when readily identifiable, the algae are not easily separated for quantitative determinations. Some of the methods commonly found in other works follow:

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